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What is macro photography? Let's teach you how to do it!
At some point during your photography quest, you will come across the term “macro photography.” This shooting style is trendy in the photo world, and everyone seems to marvel over it, but what exactly is it, and how can you get in on the fun? Let’s tell you all about macro photography.
What is macro photography?
In a nutshell, macro photography refers to close-up, magnified images of tiny things. Common examples are images of bugs, in which you can see them in so much detail you can even tell the minuscule hairs, eyes, and other details commonly unnoticeable to the naked eye. Other popular subjects are flowers, human eyes, water droplets, and many other tiny objects.
In a nutshell, macro photography refers to close-up, magnified images of very small things.Edgar Cervantes
While the rules have become more flexible in the past years, a photo is thrown into the macro photography category when the subject has a 1:1 ratio (or greater) in relation to your camera sensor. A 1:1 ratio is achieved when, say, your subject measures an inch in length and covers an inch of your sensor. You could zoom in to make it greater, but purists believe that if you zoom out and the subject is no longer “life-size,” the image is no longer under the macro photography umbrella. Some allow for more freedom and believe a 1:2, 1:3, or even smaller ratio is acceptable.
More: What is HDR? Let’s teach you how it’s done
How do I shoot macro photography?
Picking the right camera and lens
Any camera will do macro photography as long as it can use the proper lens. If you want a camera with no interchangeable lens system, you might want to try and find one that can do 1:1 magnification. They are rare, but they are out there, and some phones are also capable of such feat to a certain extent.
One crucial factor to consider is sensor size. While larger full-frame sensors usually produce better overall imagery, many photographers take advantage of crop sensors like APS-C or smaller sensor sizes. Smaller crop sensors have a natural zoom effect, which gives you more working distance and allows you to photograph subjects further away. This may help because getting too close to small animals can scare them away. In addition, crop sensors have a wider depth of field, allowing you to have more of the subject in focus. Not to mention pixel density is usually tighter, which can capture more of the tiny detail and textures.
You may also want a lens with as much focal length as possible. For example, a 200mm lens is more zoomed in, granting a larger working distance, allowing you to step back more. And if you can get closer with no consequences, the subject will be even more magnified. On the other hand, a 105mm macro lens will force you to get closer and make the subject look smaller.
For more lens options and chances at macro photography, we would recommend a DSLR or mirrorless camera. These usually have plenty of good macro lens options. Depending on your camera brand, you could even have a wide variety of choices from third-party lens manufacturers like Sigma and Tamron. Nikon and Canon usually have the most lens options.
Keeping an eye on aperture
Aperture is a critical factor to consider, because it affects depth of field. We have special content for understanding aperture and how it affects images, which you should read before moving forward with macro photography. In summary, a tighter aperture grants a broader depth of field, which means more of the image can be in focus, and less of the background/foreground will be blurred out.
Depth of field gets very small as magnification increases, so make sure you have what you want in focus. Leaving the aperture at f/2.8 may mean not having a whole bug in focus, which is fine if you only want to show its face. If you want to display the entire bug’s body, you may want to shoot at f/16 or smaller.
Related: What is aperture priority?
Lighting is key
In photography, you always have to sacrifice something to gain something. A tighter aperture means less light is getting to your camera sensor. This can be compensated with a higher ISO, but that could add noise. You can use a longer shutter speed, but that could add motion blur to your images, which is common when you combine very small subjects with shaky hands and fast-moving bugs.
In photography you always have to sacrifice something to gain something.Edgar Cervantes
If you can’t shoot with the given ambient light, you will need artificial lighting. Just be careful not to scare away your subject with strong lights or harsh flashes. See? Macro photography isn’t as simple as it seems!
Focusing can be tricky
Keep in mind focusing at extremely close distances is hard because depth of field is very shallow. You may only have a few millimeters of depth of field even when shooting at f/32. This means something as subtle as a heartbeat can throw your focus off. It’s essential to minimize your movement as much as possible, which may mean holding your breath and shooting between heartbeats.
Also, depending on your subject, you may want to switch to manual focus. Because your body movements can throw your focus off, macro photographers often prefer just setting the focal length, finding the proper exposure. Remember, you want to minimize hand movements to get a steady shot, and in many cases, the subject is moving too! A good solution is to leave the focus close to your desired level and move back and forth to place the focus point in the right spot.
Use a tripod if possible
Many of these issues are solved by stabilizing your camera with a tripod. You could then use a remote trigger or set a timer for each shot and not worry about body movements. This can be hard to do depending on your subject, but it will improve your chances of striking the right photograph when the conditions allow it.
Here: Learn more about tripods here
With these tips, enough patience, the right subject, and many shots, you too can join the macro photography community and show everyone the tiny views the world has to offer. Got any more tips? Please share them in the comments, as well as your macro shots!
Photography is an endless pit of information. We have plenty of other photography content to improve your skills and knowledge in the field. Check out some of it right below.